The History of London Bridge

Updated: July 2024

London Bridge history is a fascinating subject which dates back over 2,000 years. The impressive structure has been a part of the city’s landscape for centuries, and it’s no wonder that tourists come from all over the world to see it.

In this article, we’ll explore the history of London Bridge and learn some of the most interesting facts about this iconic London landmark. So if you’re planning on visiting London or taking a walk over London Bridge, be sure to read on!

When was London Bridge built?

The original London Bridge was built by the Romans in 43 AD. However, this was before stone was used to build bridges, so most bridges across the River Thames were made from wood. So in fact, the first London Bridge was built with wood and was made as a pontoon bridge using planks laid across anchored boats.

As the bridge became increasingly used, a wooden fixed London Bridge was built in 984 AD to cater for the increased footfall. However, this wooden bridge was short-lived, as Viking invaders, led by King Olaf Haraldsson, attacked the British Isles in 1014 and tore the bridge down. 

Old London Bridge

The first stone version of the old London Bridge was built between 1176 and 1209 under the guidance of priest and architect, Peter Colechurch. The old London Bridge was 20 feet wide, and 900 feet long, and included a wooden drawbridge in the middle to help with river traffic and to stop invaders.

Over the years, many people and merchants started to build and trade on the new stone bridge, which eventually meant the bridge was covered with stores and dwellings. Sadly, these cramped conditions spelt disaster in 1212, as a fire broke out on either side of the bridge, trapping many people on it.

Another fire broke out in 1623 which burned down many houses and stores. Due to the dilapidation of the bridge, and the damage from fires, merchants eventually left it and traded elsewhere. Eventually, by 1657, all the houses and stores were torn down and the old London Bridge was widened and partly rebuilt.

Over the years, the bridge needed many repairs, due to the structural damage and fires, but it still managed to survive for 600 years!

“New” London Bridge

In 1821, a committee appointed by the government decided that a new bridge needed to be built and in 1824, plans drawn up by Scottish civil engineer, John Rennie were accepted.

The new bridge was to be built 100 feet west of the old bridge along the River Thames and would measure 928 feet long and 49 feet wide. The first stone was laid in 1825 and was open to the public in 1831.

The new London Bridge was a great success and lasted for 140 years, however, due to the increase in traffic, and an increase in commuters using the bridge, in 1962 engineers discovered that the bridge was starting to sink! Not so much of a success then!

Modern London Bridge

The current London Bridge was built between 1968 and 1972 and was built directly over the foundations of the old bridge. As the bridge was an important and busy river crossing, the bridge’s construction was arranged in such a way as to not disturb busy traffic.

London Bridge may not be as awe-inspiring as its neighbour to the east, Tower Bridge, but its influence and history have cemented it as one of the most important bridges in London.

What happened to the London Bridge?

In 1968, American entrepreneur Robert Paxton McCulloch bought the London Bridge for £1.02 million. Between 1968 and 1971, the bridge was dismantled and shipped to Lake Havasu City, Arizona, where it was reconstructed as a tourist attraction. In the middle of the Colorado River, 155 miles south of Hoover Dam, the New London Bridge crosses Lake Havasu behind Parker Dam.

Grisly History of London Bridge

For readers with a weak stomach, you might want to skip this part! You have been warned!

Between, 1305 – 1660 severed heads of traitors were displayed on the southern gateway of London Bridge. These heads were impaled on spikes and dipped in tar to ensure they would survive the weather!

There were many famous heads put on display on London Bridge, including William Wallis, Sir Thomas More, and Oliver Cromwell. Thankfully, this practice was put to head, ahem, bed, in 1660 following the restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II.

Stay near London Bridge

If you are looking for a place to stay in the area, The London Bridge Hotel is an Independent London hotel and is located just a short walk away from this historical bridge.

Book a welcoming room with us and you could take a walk around this historic area and have a wander over this famous bridge before heading back for some food or a cocktail in our Quarter Bar & Lounge or retiring to your comfortable room.